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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frances Gabe</span></h1>
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<p><b>Frances Gabe</b> (* <a href="23._Juni" title="23. Juni">23. Juni</a> <a href="1915" title="1915">1915</a> in <a href="Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>; † <a href="26._Dezember" title="26. Dezember">26. Dezember</a> <a href="2016" title="2016">2016</a> in <a href="Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>) war eine <a href="Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">US-amerikanische</a> <a href="Erfinder" title="Erfinder">Erfinderin</a> und <a href="K%C3%BCnstler" title="Künstler">Künstlerin</a>. Sie erfand das erste selbstreinigende <a href="Haus" title="Haus">Haus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-US4428085_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US4428085-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben">Leben</h2></div>
<p>Frances Gabe wurde als Frances Grace Arnholtz auf einer Ranch nahe <a href="Boise" title="Boise">Boise</a> geboren.<sup id="cite_ref-Carey2009_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carey2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mit 16 Jahren schloss sie die <i>Girls Polytechnic High School</i> in <a href="Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon)">Portland</a> ab.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mit 17 Jahren heiratete sie Herbert Grant Bateson.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gemeinsam hatten sie zwei Kinder, Grant und Lourene, und betrieben eine Reparaturwerkstatt in Portland.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nach ihrer Scheidung in den 1970er Jahren änderte sie ihren Nachnamen in ‚Gabe‘, der sich aus ihren Vornamensinitialen und dem Nachnamensinitial ihres Ehemanns zusammensetzt.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sie wurde im Buch <i>Fugitives and Refugees</i> von <a href="Chuck_Palahniuk" title="Chuck Palahniuk">Chuck Palahniuk</a> porträtiert.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sie starb mit 101 Jahren in der Nähe von Portland.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wirken">Wirken</h2></div>
<p>Im Jahr 1980 meldete sie ein US-<a href="Patent" title="Patent">Patent</a> über ein selbstreinigendes Haus an.<sup id="cite_ref-US4428085_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US4428085-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ErmaBombeck_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ErmaBombeck-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das Haus wurde in Newburg gebaut.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanley1995_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley1995-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Produktionskosten beliefen sich auf 15.000 US-Dollar und der voraussichtliche Markteinführungspreis lag 1984 bei $50,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanley1995_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley1995-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das Haus besaß eine weitgehend wasserfeste Einrichtung und Düsen an der Decke, aus der eine Spülmittellösung und anschließend Wasser zur Klarspülung versprüht wurden.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Danach begann ein Warmluftgebläse mit der Trocknung.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das Waschprogramm dauerte insgesamt eine Stunde.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Fußböden waren geringfügig geneigt mit Abflüssen an den tiefliegenden Stellen.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Regale waren aus Gittern aufgebaut. Wasserempfindliche Materialien wurden vor dem Waschprogramm wasserfest abgedeckt. Das Patent bestand aus 68 Erfindungen und bestand bis 2002. Fred Amran (Professor für Kreativität an der <a href="University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>) nannte das Patent „unglaublich komplex, das längste, das ich bisher gelesen habe“. Das Haus wurde in der Fernsehsendung <i><a href="Ripley%E2%80%99s_Believe_It_or_Not!" title="Ripley’s Believe It or Not!">Ripley’s Believe It or Not!</a></i> porträtiert. Das Haus wurde 2002 und 2003 im The Women’s Museum in <a href="Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, <a href="Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> ausgestellt.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das Haus und Frances Gabe wurden ebenfalls 1982 im <i><a href="People_(Zeitschrift)" title="People (Zeitschrift)">People Magazine</a></i> vorgestellt.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-US4428085-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-US4428085_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-US4428085_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Patent <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?locale=de_EP&CC=US&NR=4428085A&FT=D&KC=A">US4428085A</a>: <i>Self-cleaning building construction.</i> Angemeldet am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">21. April 1980</span>, veröffentlicht am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">31. Januar 1984</span>, Erfinder: Frances G. Bateson.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft_id=US4428085A&rft.applcc=US&rft.title=Self-cleaning+building+construction&rft.inventor=Frances+G.+Bateson&rft.appldate=1980-04-21&rft.pubdate=1984-01-31"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Carey2009-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Carey2009_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="book">Charles W. Carey: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">American Inventors, Entrepreneurs, and Business Visionaries</cite>. Infobase Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8160-6883-8, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>139–40</span> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XKiGgl36bkgC&pg=PA139">google.com</a> [abgerufen am 7. Oktober 2012]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Frances+Gabe&rft.au=Charles+W.+Carey&rft.btitle=American+Inventors%2C+Entrepreneurs%2C+and+Business+Visionaries&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780816068838&rft.pages=139-40&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing" style="display:none"> </span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_3-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_3-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_3-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_3-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_3-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_3-7">h</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/18/us/frances-gabe-dead-inventor-of-self-cleaning-house.html"><i>Frances Gabe, Inventor of the Self-Cleaning House, Dies at 101.</i></a> The New York Times, 18. Juli 2017,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 18. Juli 2017</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AFrances+Gabe&rft.title=Frances+Gabe%2C+Inventor+of+the+Self-Cleaning+House%2C+Dies+at+101&rft.description=Frances+Gabe%2C+Inventor+of+the+Self-Cleaning+House%2C+Dies+at+101&rft.identifier=&rft.publisher=The+New+York+Times&rft.date=2017-07-18&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chuck Palahniuk: <i>Fugitives and Refugees</i>, Crown Publishers, New York, 2003. ISBN 978-1-4000-4783-3. S. 29–33.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ErmaBombeck-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ErmaBombeck_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=861&dat=19820119&id=gLhdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=B14NAAAAIBAJ&pg=6043,4140066&hl=en"><cite>Frances Gabe Heard Our Plea</cite></a>, <i>The Victoria Advocate</i>, 19. Januar 1982. Abgerufen am 6. August 2015 (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=newspaperArticle&rft.subject=News&rft.title=Frances+Gabe+Heard+Our+Plea&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D861%26dat%3D19820119%26id%3DgLhdAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DB14NAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6043%2C4140066%26hl%3Den&rft.publisher=%27%27%5B%5BThe+Victoria+Advocate%5D%5D%27%27&rft.date=1982-01-19&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Stanley1995-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Stanley1995_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Stanley1995_6-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="book">Autumn Stanley: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Mothers and Daughters of Invention: Notes for a Revised History of Technology</cite>. Rutgers University Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-8135-2197-8, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>374–5</span> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uRJt7QqA7GEC&pg=PA374">google.com</a> [abgerufen am 7. Oktober 2012]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Frances+Gabe&rft.au=Autumn+Stanley&rft.btitle=Mothers+and+Daughters+of+Invention%3A+Notes+for+a+Revised+History+of+Technology&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780813521978&rft.pages=374-5&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press" style="display:none"> </span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1842&dat=20020202&id=vm0eAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XckEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1227,429503&hl=en"><cite>Modern marvel: The self-cleaning house</cite></a>, <i><a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 2. Februar 2002. Abgerufen am 6. August 2015 (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=newspaperArticle&rft.subject=News&rft.title=Modern+marvel%3A+The+self-cleaning+house&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1842%26dat%3D20020202%26id%3Dvm0eAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DXckEAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1227%2C429503%26hl%3Den&rft.publisher=%27%27%5B%5BThe+New+York+Times%5D%5D%27%27&rft.date=2002-02-02&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20081772,00.html"><cite>Frances Gabe's Self-Cleaning House Could Mean New Rights of Spring for Housewives</cite></a>, people.com, 29. März 1982. Abgerufen am 6. August 2015 (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=newspaperArticle&rft.subject=News&rft.title=Frances+Gabe%27s+Self-Cleaning+House+Could+Mean+New+Rights+of+Spring+for+Housewives&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.com%2Fpeople%2Farchive%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C20081772%2C00.html&rft.publisher=people.com&rft.date=1982-03-29&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
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Normdaten (Person): <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2019188638">no2019188638</a></span> | <a href="Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/868157771967548930001/">868157771967548930001</a></span> | </div>
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